Men generally die earlier than women, on average by five to six years. This is due to a number of factors, including:
Biological Factors:
Hormones – Women have higher levels of estrogen, which provides cardiovascular protection. Men have higher testosterone levels, which is linked to increased risk of heart disease.
Genetic differences – Women have two X chromosomes, which provides a backup in case one has a genetic defect. Men only have one X chromosome.
Behavioral Factors:
Risk-taking behavior – Men are more likely to engage in risky activities like smoking, drinking excessively, and not seeking preventive medical care.
Occupational hazards – Men are more likely to work in dangerous jobs with higher rates of accidents and injuries.
Socioeconomic Factors:
Access to healthcare – Women tend to have better access to and utilization of preventive healthcare services.
Stress levels – Men may experience higher levels of work-related stress, which can negatively impact health over time.
Immune System Differences: Women generally have stronger immune systems, which may provide better protection against certain diseases.
Men’s immune systems may be more susceptible to autoimmune disorders and certain infections.
The combination of biological, behavioral, and socioeconomic factors contributes to the gender gap in life expectancy, with women tending to outlive men on average. Addressing these underlying differences could help narrow the longevity gap between men and women.